Within Music
Why Fans Still Want Music Objects
CDs, records and deluxe editions turn music into an object fans can display, collect, gift and keep.
On this page
- Ownership and emotional attachment
- Packaging, scarcity and editions
- Physical formats as fan identity
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Introduction
Physical formats build fan ownership by turning music from an invisible service into a thing with weight, artwork, scarcity, ritual and social meaning. A stream gives access; a record, CD, cassette or deluxe box set gives the fan something to hold, display, lend, gift, queue for, protect and remember. That difference matters because modern music fandom is not only about hearing songs. It is also about signalling loyalty, marking life moments, supporting artists and building a visible personal archive.
This is why physical formats persist even when streaming dominates everyday listening. In 2025, IFPI reported that global recorded music revenues reached US$31.7 billion, with streaming still the largest engine, but physical formats rebounding by 8.0% and vinyl revenue growing by 13.7%. [IFPI]ifpi.orgGMR2026 SOTIIFPIGLOBAL MUSIC REPORTPhysical formats rebounded in 2025, with revenue growth of 8.0%, compared to a weaker performance in 2024 when phy… In the UK, BPI reported that streaming made up 67.7% of recorded music revenue in 2025, while physical music sales grew faster than streaming, led by a 19.9% rise in vinyl revenue. [BPI Membership Community]bpi.co.ukSource details in endnotes. The point is not that physical music is replacing streaming. It is that physical formats do a different job: they make fandom feel owned.
Why ownership still matters when access is easy
Streaming solved the problem of access. For a monthly fee, listeners can move through millions of tracks without shelves, storage boxes or disc players. But access is not the same as possession. A fan may stream an album every week and still want the vinyl because the record makes the relationship visible and durable. It can sit on a shelf, hang in a frame, carry a signature, contain a booklet, or become the object someone remembers buying after a gig.
Research on personal record collections helps explain why this feeling is powerful. A study of British recorded-music collectors found that records could function as “sacred objects” and that collections could become part of a person’s sense of self, especially with traditional physical formats such as vinyl. [ResearchGate]researchgate.netResearch Gate The psychological meaning of personal record collectionsResearch Gate The psychological meaning of personal record collections Another study on psychological ownership and music streaming frames the issue directly: digital services can provide access, but the feelings associated with physical music ownership are harder to reproduce because they are tied to control, memory, identity and attachment. [doras.dcu.ie]doras.dcu.iePsychological ownership and music streamingPsychological ownership and music streaming
That does not mean every buyer is an audiophile or nostalgist. Many fans who buy physical editions also stream constantly. The object often works as a second layer over digital listening: streaming is for daily convenience; the physical copy is for belonging. A fan might stream the album on the bus, then keep the deluxe CD on a desk because it represents the era, the tour, the artwork, or the emotional period when the music mattered most.
This is especially important in a culture where music can feel temporary. Playlists update, rights change, apps redesign, and recommendation systems push listeners onwards. Physical formats slow the relationship down. They ask the listener to choose one album, take it out, look at it, place it somewhere and keep it. That small act turns a passing listen into a declared attachment.
Packaging turns an album into a personal artefact
The most obvious way physical formats build ownership is through packaging. Cover art, gatefold sleeves, lyric booklets, liner notes, posters, coloured vinyl, photo cards, obi strips, stickers and numbered editions all give the fan more to possess than the audio file. The package says: this release has a body.
That body changes how fans relate to the music. A 12-inch record sleeve gives artwork a scale that a phone screen cannot match. A CD booklet can make credits, lyrics and images part of the listening experience. A deluxe box set can turn an album campaign into a small archive, gathering demos, live recordings, essays, photographs or replica memorabilia. The fan is not simply buying the right to hear songs; they are buying a designed version of the artist’s world.
K-pop shows this mechanism in its most developed form. Modern K-pop albums often include CDs, large photobooks, posters, randomised photo cards and multiple package versions. Reporting and research on K-pop album buying repeatedly find that fans may buy physical albums not mainly to play the disc, but to collect, trade, decorate rooms or scrapbooks, support favourite artists and obtain specific member images. [Kontinentalist]kontinentalist.comkpop physical album sales environmental impactkpop physical album sales environmental impact In that context, the CD becomes part music product, part collectible system and part fan identity kit.
Western pop has moved in a similar direction through vinyl variants, exclusive covers and limited webstore editions. Taylor Swift’s album campaigns are the clearest mainstream example: collectible versions can make each format feel like a distinct object even when the core album is similar. In 2025, US vinyl revenue passed US$1 billion, and reporting linked part of that momentum to Swift’s strategy of selling multiple collectible editions to highly engaged fans. [The Guardian]theguardian.comvinyl record sales us taylor swiftOther top vinyl sellers included Sabrina Carpenter, Kendrick Lamar, and Billie Eilish, with classic albums like Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours"…
The key is that packaging gives fans choices that feel personal. A listener may choose the blue vinyl because it matches the album mood, the signed CD because it feels closer to the artist, the cassette because it fits a retro aesthetic, or the deluxe box because it completes a collection. These choices allow fans to say, “This is my version of the album.”
Scarcity makes ownership feel earned
Scarcity is one of the strongest tools physical formats use to create attachment. Limited editions, first pressings, numbered runs, shop exclusives, tour-only variants and Record Store Day releases turn buying into a timed event. The object is not only owned; it has been found, secured or won.
Record Store Day is built around this logic. In the UK, around 300 independent record shops take part, and the event is associated with special limited-edition releases and cross-generational queues of collectors. [Record Store Day]bendingsound.co.ukRecord Store Day The queue matters as much as the product. Fans remember the shop, the people in line, the record they missed, the one they found, and the story attached to it. The purchase becomes a memory with a location.
Scarcity also changes how fans value an album after purchase. A widely available stream is easy to take for granted; a limited pressing can feel like a badge of timing and commitment. Fans may not think of that in purely financial terms. The value can be emotional: “I bought this on release day,” “I got this at the show,” “this was the first pressing,” or “this was the edition with the bonus track.”
But scarcity can also become contentious. When artists or labels release many slightly different versions, fans may feel that ownership is being used against them. Billie Eilish criticised the industry practice of releasing multiple vinyl variants as wasteful, arguing that it can push fans to buy more copies than they need. [The Guardian]theguardian.comvinyl record sales us taylor swiftOther top vinyl sellers included Sabrina Carpenter, Kendrick Lamar, and Billie Eilish, with classic albums like Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours"… Similar criticism appears around K-pop album marketing, where randomised collectibles and fan-event lotteries can encourage multiple purchases and raise environmental concerns. Reuters reported that K-pop physical sales have nearly tripled in South Korea even though only a small share of South Koreans use physical albums to listen to music, with purchases often driven by collectible photos and lottery opportunities. [Reuters]reuters.comstreaming boosts global music revenues once again 2025 report shows 2026 03 18IFPI Chief Executive Victoria Oakley credited the growth to strong music content and strategic partnerships, including collaborations wit…
That tension is central to physical fan ownership. Scarcity can make a release feel meaningful, but it can also make loyalty feel monetised. The strongest physical formats deepen attachment without making fans feel trapped in an endless chase.
Physical formats work as fan identity
A music object is rarely private in the way a stream is private. Records sit on shelves. CDs appear in cars, bedrooms, charity-shop hauls and social-media posts. Cassettes and box sets become props in the way fans present themselves. A collection says something about taste, era, tribe and seriousness.
This is why physical formats overlap with fashion, home decor and personal biography. A visible shelf of records can signal genre knowledge. A stack of pop deluxe editions can signal loyalty to an artist. A framed signed sleeve can mark a concert memory. A photo-card binder can show devotion to a particular member or group. The object allows fandom to move from listening history into lived space.
Music memorabilia research makes this broader than records alone. Work on popular music and materiality notes that posters, autographed photographs, brochures, fanzines, badges and patches are among the objects through which fans articulate identity and attachment to artists, genres and scenes. [Southwestern University]people.southwestern.eduUniversity Popular Music and Materiality: Memorabilia and MemoryUniversity Popular Music and Materiality: Memorabilia and Memory Physical albums sit inside that same material culture. They are not just carriers of music; they are evidence of affiliation.
This also explains why physical buying is closely linked to “superfan” behaviour. Luminate has reported that physical music buyers are more than twice as likely to be superfans, making artist stores and direct-to-consumer channels useful places to identify highly committed audiences. [Luminate]luminatedata.comLuminate Why are Super Fans so Valuable?Luminate Why are Super Fans so Valuable? MIDiA has also projected that the broader music merchandise market, including physical music, physical merchandise and digital merchandise, could reach US$16.3 billion by 2030. [MIDiA Research]midiaresearch.comMIDi A Research How big can music merch get? MIDi A's latest report chartsMIDi A Research How big can music merch get? MIDi A's latest report charts Physical formats matter in that ecosystem because they sit between music and merch: they are still albums, but they also behave like collectible fan goods.
CDs, vinyl and deluxe editions offer different kinds of ownership
Not all physical formats create ownership in the same way. Each format gives fans a different mix of affordability, display value, collectability and listening ritual.
Vinyl offers the strongest display and ritual value. The larger sleeve makes artwork important, the act of playing the record feels deliberate, and coloured or limited pressings make variants easy to understand. Vinyl is also culturally legible: even people who do not collect records recognise a vinyl shelf as a taste statement. That helps explain why vinyl has led much of the physical revival. In the US, RIAA reported that vinyl revenue grew 7% to US$1.4 billion in 2024, accounting for nearly three-quarters of physical format revenue. [LinkedIn]linkedin.comLinked In Streaming dominates music revenue, vinyl sales growLinked In Streaming dominates music revenue, vinyl sales grow
CDs offer a more compact and affordable form of ownership. They are easier to store, cheaper to ship, and often more accessible for younger fans who want physical music but cannot justify vinyl prices. CDs are also ideal for booklet-heavy pop and K-pop releases, where the object is as much a package of images and inserts as a playback format. In 2026, Luminate noted that although vinyl remained the most purchased US physical music format in 2025, with 47.8 million records sold, CDs still sold 33.8 million units and showed momentum in the latter half of the year. [Luminate]luminatedata.comLuminate Why are Super Fans so Valuable?Luminate Why are Super Fans so Valuable?
Deluxe editions create ownership through completeness. They appeal to fans who want the album era in expanded form: bonus tracks, demos, alternate artwork, live versions, books, essays or numbered packaging. The deluxe edition says that the ordinary album is not enough for the most attached fans. It gives them a deeper object and, often, a clearer reason to buy rather than merely stream.
Cassettes occupy a smaller niche, but they are useful for artists and fans because they are cheap, compact and strongly aesthetic. They often work best as tour-table items, limited runs or retro collectibles rather than mainstream listening formats. Their value is less about audio superiority and more about intimacy, novelty and scene belonging.
These differences mean that physical ownership is not one behaviour. A vinyl buyer, CD collector and deluxe-box completist may all love the same artist but express that attachment in different ways.
Gifting and keeping make music social
Physical music also builds ownership because it can be transferred. A stream can be shared as a link, but a record or CD can be wrapped, written in, handed over, inherited or displayed as a gift. That makes the object part of a relationship between people, not just between fan and artist.
Gifting matters because music often marks identity and memory. Giving someone an album can mean “this made me think of you,” “this was our year,” or “you need to hear this properly.” A physical copy carries that intention more strongly than a playlist link because it takes up space and requires care. Even when the recipient streams the album later, the object remains as proof of the exchange.
Keeping matters too. Physical formats preserve personal timelines. Fans remember the first album they bought with their own money, the record they found in a second-hand shop, the CD signed after a small show, the box set saved for over months, or the album inherited from a parent. These objects turn music history into personal history.
This is one reason older formats can attract younger listeners without simply being nostalgia. For someone who grew up with streaming, a CD player or turntable may feel less like a return to the past and more like a way to make listening intentional. UK reporting in late 2025 described renewed CD interest among younger listeners, with retailers and manufacturers pointing to affordability, tactile appeal and giftability alongside the dominance of streaming. [The Guardian]theguardian.comvinyl record sales us taylor swiftOther top vinyl sellers included Sabrina Carpenter, Kendrick Lamar, and Billie Eilish, with classic albums like Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours"…
The business value is loyalty, not just unit sales
For artists and labels, physical formats are valuable because they identify fans who want more than background access. A stream may indicate interest; a physical purchase indicates commitment. That commitment can support album chart positions, direct-to-fan stores, tour merchandise, signed editions and long-term catalogue value.
The economics also differ from streaming. Streaming rewards repeated listening at scale, while physical formats create higher-value transactions around moments: release week, tour dates, anniversaries, reissues and fan events. This is why physical formats remain attractive even when they represent a minority of total consumption. In the UK, BPI reported that physical formats helped keep recorded music in growth in 2025, while streaming still accounted for the majority of consumption and revenue. [BPI Membership Community]bpi.co.ukSource details in endnotes.
Physical formats also help artists create “eras”. A streaming release can be frictionless and quickly absorbed into playlists. A physical campaign gives fans artefacts: the signed insert, the coloured pressing, the deluxe book, the tour-only CD. Those artefacts keep the album visible after the release-week marketing has passed.
For independent artists, physical formats can be especially meaningful at the merchandise table. A vinyl pressing or CD run gives fans a direct way to support the artist and leave with a tangible reminder of the show. The object also extends the live event into the home: it is a souvenir, a listening medium and a display item at once.
The ownership model has real trade-offs
Physical formats build fan ownership, but they are not automatically virtuous. They use materials, require manufacturing capacity, create shipping emissions and can encourage overbuying. The more a release relies on randomised inserts, artificial scarcity or tiny differences between variants, the more likely fans are to see the campaign as exploitative rather than meaningful.
K-pop illustrates the sharpest version of this problem. Environmental groups and journalists have criticised the way randomised photo cards, store-exclusive bonuses and fan-sign lotteries can push fans towards multiple purchases. A Kpop4Planet survey cited by Energy Tracker Asia found that 36.5% of surveyed K-pop fans felt pressured to buy multiple albums to collect photo cards, while 27.7% bought albums to improve their chances of attending exclusive events. [Energy Tracker Asia]energytracker.asiaEnergy Tracker Asia K-pop Fans Urge K-pop Giant HYBE to Address PlasticEnergy Tracker Asia K-pop Fans Urge K-pop Giant HYBE to Address Plastic Reuters similarly reported that agencies have explored digital album alternatives, but that physical sales remain tied to collectible incentives. [Reuters]reuters.comK-pop's profligate CD output draws fire as South Korea hosts plastic waste talksK-pop's profligate CD output draws fire as South Korea hosts plastic waste talks
Vinyl variants raise a related concern. A few well-designed variants can let fans choose the edition that suits them. Dozens of variants can turn ownership into exhaustion, especially for younger fans or completists. Criticism from artists such as Billie Eilish shows that this is not only a fan complaint but an industry debate about sustainability, chart incentives and responsible release design. [The Guardian]theguardian.comvinyl record sales us taylor swiftOther top vinyl sellers included Sabrina Carpenter, Kendrick Lamar, and Billie Eilish, with classic albums like Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours"…
The healthiest version of physical fan ownership gives fans meaningful objects without making loyalty feel like a test. Better choices include durable packaging, transparent limited runs, recycled materials where possible, non-randomised collectible options, and editions that differ in genuinely useful ways rather than minor cosmetic changes.
What makes a physical release feel worth owning
A physical music object works best when the format adds meaning rather than merely duplicating the stream. Fans are more likely to value the object when it offers at least one of four things:
- A richer encounter with the album: strong artwork, readable lyrics, credits, essays, photography or design that deepens the record’s world.
- A real connection to a moment: signed copies, tour editions, anniversary reissues or record-shop exclusives tied to a memory.
- A fair collectible system: limited editions that feel special without pressuring fans to buy excessive duplicates.
- A practical reason to keep it: good sound, sturdy packaging, bonus material, beautiful display value, or a format that suits the fan’s actual listening habits.
The object does not need to be expensive to do this. A simple CD with thoughtful artwork can create stronger attachment than a costly deluxe edition padded with weak extras. A black vinyl pressing can feel more satisfying than a coloured variant if it is well made, fairly priced and tied to an album the fan truly loves.
That is the heart of physical ownership in music. Fans still want music objects because objects do what streams cannot: they make devotion visible, memory durable and taste shareable. In a streaming-first world, the physical copy is no longer the default way to hear music. It is the chosen way to keep it.
Amazon book picks
Further Reading
Books and field guides related to Why Fans Still Want Music Objects. Use these as the next step if you want deeper reading beyond the article.
This Is Your Brain On Music
Helps explain emotional attachment to music and collecting behavior.
Perfecting Sound Forever
First published 2009. Subjects: Sound, History, Musical perception, Psychological aspects, Recording and reproducing.
Retromania
First published 2011. Subjects: Popular music, Music, Social aspects, Popular culture, History and criticism.
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Endnotes
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Source: ifpi.org
Title: GMR2026 SOTI
Link: https://www.ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GMR2026_SOTI.pdfSource snippet
IFPIGLOBAL MUSIC REPORTPhysical formats rebounded in 2025, with revenue growth of 8.0%, compared to a weaker performance in 2024 when phy...
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Source: reuters.com
Title: streaming boosts global music revenues once again 2025 report shows 2026 03 18
Link: https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/streaming-boosts-global-music-revenues-once-again-2025-report-shows-2026-03-18/Source snippet
IFPI Chief Executive Victoria Oakley credited the growth to strong music content and strategic partnerships, including collaborations wit...
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Source: researchgate.net
Title: Research Gate The psychological meaning of personal record collections
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222342210_The_psychological_meaning_of_personal_record_collections_and_the_impact_of_changing_technological_forms -
Source: doras.dcu.ie
Title: Psychological ownership and music streaming
Link: https://doras.dcu.ie/24936/3/Psychological%20ownership%20and%20music%20streaming%202nd%20revisions.pdf -
Source: kontinentalist.com
Title: kpop physical album sales environmental impact
Link: https://kontinentalist.com/stories/kpop-physical-album-sales-environmental-impact -
Source: researchgate.net
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399936886_Photocards_and_Collections_The_Appeal_Popularity_and_Uses_of_K-pop_Compact_Disc_Purchases_in_the_United_States -
Source: reuters.com
Title: K-pop’s profligate CD output draws fire as South Korea hosts plastic waste talks
Link: https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/k-pops-profligate-cd-output-draws-fire-south-korea-hosts-plastic-waste-talks-2024-11-21/ -
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Title: University Popular Music and Materiality: Memorabilia and Memory
Link: https://people.southwestern.edu/~bednarb/vmc/articles/bennett-rogers.pdf -
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Title: Linked In Streaming dominates music revenue, vinyl sales grow
Link: [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/claytondurant_the-recording -
Source: ifpi.org
Title: GMR2025 SOTI
Link: https://www.ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GMR2025_SOTI.pdf -
Source: gmr.ifpi.org
Title: about report
Link: https://gmr.ifpi.org/about-report -
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Title: RIAA 2024Year End Revenue Report
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Source: riaa.com
Link: https://www.riaa.com/reports/ -
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Title: 2024 year end music industry revenue report riaa
Link: https://www.riaa.com/2024-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/ -
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Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309742922_Sonic_Artefacts_Record_Collecting_in_the_Digital_Age -
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Title: state physical music 2025 vinyl cds message record labels phil aston fi8oe
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Source: theguardian.com
Title: vinyl record sales us taylor swift
Link: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2026/mar/16/vinyl-record-sales-us-taylor-swiftSource snippet
Other top vinyl sellers included Sabrina Carpenter, Kendrick Lamar, and Billie Eilish, with classic albums like Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours"...
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Link: https://www.recordstoreday.co.uk/ -
Source: theguardian.com
Link: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/mar/29/billie-eilish-criticises-musicians-for-releasing-multiple-vinyl-variants-i-cant-even-express-how-wasteful-it-is -
Source: luminatedata.com
Title: Luminate Why are Super Fans so Valuable?
Link: https://luminatedata.com/blog/why-are-super-fans-so-valuable/ -
Source: midiaresearch.com
Title: MIDi A Research How big can music merch get? MIDi A’s latest report [charts]({{ ‘charts/’ | relative_url }})
Link: https://www.midiaresearch.com/blog/how-big-can-music-merch-get-midias-latest-report-charts-the-course-to-16b-by-2030 -
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Title: taylor swift wasnt the only winner of physical sales in 2025
Link: https://luminatedata.com/blog/taylor-swift-wasnt-the-only-winner-of-physical-sales-in-2025/ -
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Link: https://www.bpi.co.uk/news/12963051 -
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Title: Energy Tracker Asia K-pop Fans Urge K-pop Giant HYBE to Address Plastic
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Title: luminate 2024 year end music report taylor swift shaboozey teddy swims
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Title: kpop 4 planet 지구를 위한 빠순이들의 역습
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Title: yearend music industry report 2024
Link: https://luminatedata.com/reports/yearend-music-industry-report-2024/ -
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Title: supercharge your super fan strategy
Link: https://luminatedata.com/blog/supercharge-your-super-fan-strategy/ -
Source: theguardian.com
Title: oasis reunion taylor swift vinyl uk music industry albums 2025
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Title: Record Store Day
Link: https://bendingsound.co.uk/blogs/latest-news/record-store-day-what-is-it-and-what-is-all-the-hype?srsltid=AfmBOooHD8-L4R6nRY2LwGRlkobvAsUeEwPKzQjHwWdRA60hsfMp6KS8 -
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Link: https://omdia.tech.informa.com/om137969/luminate-reports-a-continued-cooling-in-global-and-us-audio-streaming-consumption-rates -
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Title: Luminate Year End Report 2024
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Link: https://www.recordoftheday.com/news-and-press/luminate-2024-year-end-music-report-global-audio-streaming-grows-14-driven-by-ex-us-markets
Additional References
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Source: wegetartists.com
Link: https://wegetartists.com/15-of-the-general-population-in-the-us-are-superfans-heres-what-that-means-for-the-music-business/ -
Source: yougov.com
Link: https://yougov.com/en-us/articles/46722-an-insight-into-physical-music-buyers-understanding-the-american-market-for-cds-and-vinyl -
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